The Loose-strife got out of its cage!

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After almost thirteen years of managing the canyon and generally touching every aspect of earth in those woods a new predator has been seen on the loose….

Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). A particularly aggressive critter- that can grow up to 9 feet tall. Infestations can result in a sharp decline in biological diversity- creating dense monocultures.

Quickly crowding out native species- this sort of infestation can affect the ability for waterfowl and amphibians to move around in wetlands if left unchecked.

One of these plants can produce up to three million tiny seeds annually- these seeds over winter and easily are carried by wind and water.

Fortunately for us, this plant was discovered prior to seed set. It was discovered nearest the island below the Chemistry building- keep an eye out, and report any silent invaders. Being proactive with this plant can save us a lot costly labor and help maintain species diversity.

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Purple loosestrife can easily be confused with other native wetland plants such as fireweed, (Epilobium angustifolium) or Douglas spirea, (Spiraea douglasii). Look for purple loosestrife’s squarish stems, opposite leaves, and flowers, with 5 to 7 narrow petals. Fireweed and Spirea both have a rounded stem and alternate leaves.

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Pirates of Reed Canyon

A number of people were quite shocked to notice yesterday that there were two ships running the Jolly Roger in Reed Lake yesterday and, understandably, had some concerns. Pirates are not to be trifled with, after all.

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The explanation? Once a year, Canyon Crew takes some canoes out on the lake to do some work that we just can’t manage from the shore – picking garbage out of the water, pulling water-loving invasives such as nightshade, planting cuttings and seeds along steep banks and logs. More often, and we’d ruffle a lot more feathers than would probably be healthy for the resident waterfowl, so don’t be getting any ideas.

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The previous day, we had collected and prepared cuttings of willow, dogwood and ninebark. While summer is not really the best time of year to make plantings – the plants are thinking more about making babies than putting down roots – we don’t really have that much of a choice in the timing. Approximately half the cuttings we put out there, along steep banks and on felled logs in the water, will take in the first year. Beavers particularly like the taste of willow and dogwood, which while good in its own way – the gnawing encourages the plants to take on a more bushy habit – also ends up killing a number of them. So, at the very least, we’ve supplied dinner to our resident beaver population, and hopefully helped ensure their long term meal plans in the process. These will also stabilize the banks somewhat, which tend to be undercut by the beavers. (Check out this Canyon Blog entry for some of their dam shenanigans.) Placing a cutting into a bank:

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Earlier this summer, we collected and husked large quantities of lupin and native grass seeds. We brought these out on the lake with us to smear along bare surfaces. In particular, we made a point of covering the barren concrete pilings – which used to hold up a water pipe – with some nutritious muck sludged up from the lake bottom, and then a liberal portion of seeds. Hopefully the canyon will start looking a little less industrial and a little more restored down at that end if the seeds take!

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This also gave us a beautiful perspective of the Canyon that not everyone will get to appreciate, being right on the water as opposed to walking well above it – working Canyon Crew has some pretty amazing perks.

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On that note, summer Canyon Crew would like to bid everyone adieu for a few weeks while we get our student alter egos sorted out. We’ll see you in a bit!

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Reed Canyon Has a Facebook Page

Be sure to Like the new Reed Canyon Facebook page!

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Johnson Creek Watershed Council Honors Reed with Award

Here’s an article in The Bee about the “Riffle Award” presented by the Johnson Creek Watershed Council to Reed College for their sustainability efforts.

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Canyon cider for all!

Our last Canyon Day in Spring 2011 featured extensive work in the Orchard – and what better way to enjoy the fruits of our labors than some delicious apple cider, featuring apples picked from our very own trees?

That was the idea, anyway, but it took some time to get it going. Turning apples to make cider is not a difficult process, but it does require some specialized equipment – in particular, an apple chipper and a press. The concept is that, after grinding an apple into sufficiently small pieces – the fruit being too firm to squeeze whole – one can simply press the juice out of them using a sort of screw.

After acquiring a combination chipper and press, we decided that it still needed… a little modification. Specifically, we wanted to make it bicycle-powered, using people power as opposed to an electric motor. A member of Canyon Crew took a few weeks to make the necessary changes – plenty of welding and angsting over gear ratios. While we don’t have pictures of the actual building process, we do have some of our first test run earlier this week. Chopping and chipping the apples…

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…and pressing them.

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Our test run also revealed a few areas for us to improve further – adding a bell, a larger cutting board, a (purely aesthetic) wheel, so what you’re seeing here isn’t quite the finished product, but it certainly did the trick. Overall, the test run was a delicious success, creating more of the sweet cider than Canyon Crew could drink on their own. Since the older apple and pear trees in the Orchard were only pruned as of last year, and the newly planted ones are too young yet to be producing fruit, it might be a few years before we’ll be self sufficient in apple production and can provide enough fruit to quite quench the thirst of those working on Canyon Days. However, you can still expect the cider press to be making rounds during Reed College events using locally grown apples. In fact, the public debut of the cider press will be at the closing ceremony of the Centennial celebrations in the Orchard, so come along and pitch in with a bit of peddling! Fresh apple cider is entirely unlike “apple
juice” or even most store-bought apple ciders – truly, something you need to
try yourself

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A New Trail by the Farm – Part II

This week, we continued our construction of the trail that brushes the edge of the newly restored Farm property. The new trail is marked on this map with the red dots; older trails are in blue-black:

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We left off with a sketch of the trail to come, a narrow, ungraded footpath across crushed brush and bare earth. A view of the new trailhead near Canyon House as of last week:

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One of the first steps was stabilizing the new slope with native species such as sword fern, snowberry, and thimbleberry, many of which we had previously removed from the trail-to-be as they would have otherwise gotten squished in the construction process: 

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After this picture was taken, we later added wood chips (made from on-campus plant material) to the base of these plants to keep them from drying out further in the hot summer sun. We’ll be watering these plants intermittently for the remainder of the summer to make sure they take. 

To prevent the trail from simply wearing away into the hillside, we put in logs – primarily from non-native Norway maples we felled nearby – which we then fastened with rebar and sledgehammers. Of course, a flat trail free of tripping hazards like potholes and roots is always a plus, especially for those who’d much rather avoid twisting an ankle on their morning run, so we also graded the trail flat. We then added in wood chips to surface the trail for the finishing touch.

The trail, as you might remember, initially ended at a small log bench that overlooked the Farm property. With the trail now continuing on, we instead carved out an inset for the bench just above the trail. We’ve also widened the original trail considerably, which was once narrow and frequently overgrown.

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This new trail has some lovely views of the Farm property, so make sure to check it out!

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There are still one major step left in this process – putting in native dogwood and willow stakes into the newly built up slope to grow as a thick, stable hedge to keep the trail from slumping away in the long term. This is a task, however, left to another week.

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A New Trail by the Farm – Part I

Fall Canyon Day 2010 featured a lot of restoration work down by the old Farmhouse – but there hasn’t been a trail to access any of that restored area. Summer Canyon Crew 2011 is currently working on fixing that, constructing a trail that extends a spur that overlooks the Farm to just below Canyon House, leading through native cherry trees and big leaf maple into some lovely views of the restored stream and meadow. Here’s some highlights of that process:

The slope below Canyon and Garden House to the meadow is exceptionally steep, rendering stairs somewhat impractical. Running a trail through the farm property itself to climb the slope where it was less steep was also less than ideal, as the Farm habitat is still fragile after the restoration work of last year and needs more time to mature – not to mention the perpetual sogginess that would make jogging on the trail a muddy affair. Our solution? Make the slope less steep!

We started by cutting down some large non-native Norway maples to use as posts. Clearing out these non-natives also had the handy side effect of clearing out space in the canopy for native big leaf maples to grow in. Zac sizing up a tree for chainsawing:

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We then had to cut in holes in the bank, and then drive the poles in. This was sometimes a bit harrowing:

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Of course, taking advantage of the fact that we had just created an ideal roost, we decided to throw in a bird house on one of the poles:

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Afterwards, we stripped down the branches from the trees we had felled – “whips”. We also cleared out young red oaks, Norway and sycamore maples for this purpose, and thinned out a tangle of young native cherry trees.

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These we then braided between the large poles…

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…and stuffed with the small branches and leaves. All parts of the non-natives we cut down were therefore utilized in this process.

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Our fence made, we then got a load of topsoil dumped on the bank above us, reused from the construction of the new tennis courts by the Grove. We then filled in this cradle with dirt to make the trail:

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Next week, Canyon Crew will be planting in sword ferns and other native plants on the steep upper slope to stabilize it, as well as bringing in bark chips to finish the surface. In the fall, we will put in dogwood and willow shoots into the weave, which will stabilize the new bank in the long term. We still need to finish the portion between this piece of the trail and the original spur, so the trail is unimproved at best – please use caution! Look forward to next week’s entry where we will showcase the finished project – a brand new trail for the Reed Canyon.

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Cool Stuff We Found in the Canyon: Olde Reed Beer Can

278741_10150243737884023_640599022_7506287_7042402_o.jpgWe found this retro pull-tab beer can in the marshes a few weeks ago. Here’s some interesting history:

The Blitz-Weinhard brewery operated from 1864 to 1999 in what is now the Pearl District, making it the oldest brewery on the west coast. The brewery changed ownership a few times from 1979 to 1999, when Miller closed it entirely, moving all Henry Weinhard operations to Hood River.

We spent some time perusing records of historical Blitz-Weinhard beer cans. This style was used from the early 1960’s to the mid 1970’s. However, the pull-tab top was only used from the mid 1960’s to the early 1970’s when it was ousted by the push-button top. Based on this evidence we estimate that the can dates from around this time. Here’s a poster from the period which may have enticed an Olde-Reedie to buy this can:blitzbeerposter1.jpg
– Canyon Crew

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What Does Canyon Crew Do?

Well, a lot. This summer, Canyon Crew includes five full time students, as well as our Wise and Glorious Leader, Zac Perry, and we still don’t have enough manpower to do everything that we want to do in the Canyon. Here’s a snapshot of what we do on a day-to-day basis:

Most of the time, we’re… well, weeding. The Canyon is full of invasive species that migrate from people’s yards and gardens, and if we didn’t cut them back, the Canyon wouldn’t be much more than mounds of English ivy, deadly nightshade, garlic mustard, clematis, reed canary grass and morning glory – probably not what you want to look at while taking a leisurely walk, and certainly not what qualifies as a healthy, balanced ecosystem. Through the efforts of past generations of Canyon Crew, there are far fewer of these invasives in the Canyon today than a decade or two ago. For perspective, English ivy at Olde Reed grew large enough to climb on:

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(Don’t do this at home, kids. English Ivy, for all its ability to take down the biggest of trees and conquer whole hillsides, is still a remarkably brittle plant.)

Things are a bit better now, but most weeding is still pretty tedious. Teasing morning glory out from around, under, in and on top of native plants can be a remarkably time consuming process, especially since you want to avoid damaging the plants that the morning glory clings to so tightly:

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Himalayan blackberry is one of the more belligerent species we attend to – not just for its large thorns that can cut right through leather gloves, but also the large, difficult-to-remove root systems. Showing off a recent kill:

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Garlic mustard is another obnoxious plant to remove, especially since we have to carefully, physically remove it from the Canyon as it can and will reseed everywhere if we don’t. (Most plants we can simply drape from trees until they dry out and die, and then we spread them on the ground again to rot so that mor desirable plants can utilize their nutrients.) Garlic mustard also has the nasty side effect of killing off other surrounding plants via toxins in its root system, so it’s always a high priority for removal when we find it. Though, it also makes for a tasty salad or pesto, as the name might imply, so it’s not all bad.

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Clearing out the fish ladder from debris is another important daily task – especially when we have beavers trying to make Reed Lake larger and more lake-like:

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Canyon Crew attends to other things as well. With the new performing arts center being built, a lot of ground is going to be torn up – including swales full of mature native plants. Canyon Crew went through the swales and pulled out many native plants to replant in the Canyon, including lupines, native irises, sedges and native roses. It’s hard not to like a job that entails driving around a truck full of flowers!

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We grow our own plants as well, of course. We harvest seeds from lupine, rushes, grasses and other plants in the Canyon and germinate them in our very own greenhouse to plant during events such as Canyon Day. Baby plants can be remarkably adorable: 

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We get some pretty interesting trash in the Canyon, too – and sometimes, said trash requires some pretty creative methods of removal. Grappling hooks, for instance:

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The tasks of Canyon Crew changes from day to day, week to week, season to season, year to year as the Canyon changes and grows. If you see us at work and don’t know or understand what we’re doing, feel free to ask – it’s your Canyon too!

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Following a Different Path

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A new crop of Reedies have joined the summer Canyon Crew- to restore, protect and forage on the gift that we call Reed Canyon.

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